This formula demonstrates that a sail's induced drag coefficient decreases with increased aspect ratio.
2.
At the point of minimum drag, C D, o ( drag coefficient of aircraft when lift equals zero ) is equal to C D, i ( induced drag coefficient, or coefficient of drag created by lift ).
3.
For a given sail area, the aspect ratio, which is proportional to the square of the sail height, is of particular significance in determining lift-induced drag, and is used to calculate the induced drag coefficient of a sail C _ { Di } \;:
4.
Mathematically, zero-lift drag coefficient is defined as C _ { D, 0 } = C _ D-C _ { D, i }, where C _ D is the total drag coefficient for a given power, speed, and altitude, and C _ { D, i } is the lift-induced drag coefficient at the same conditions.